Yuandan Zhang wrote: > thanks for info. I used to have a ntfs of this disk, but I can't write on > it. that's why I converted it to FAT fs. I want symbolic links because i > use this disk as a clony of a work dir for backup and homework purposes. > there are a number of internal symblic links in that. If you're just using this disk with Linux (or certain other Unix-like OSes), then ext2/3 would be the way to go. But unless this disk came formatted NTFS, I suspect there's a Windows machine in the mix. And Windows just doesn't understand filesystems with symbolic links. In this case, your best bet is probably to back up the areas that do need symbolic links with tar (e.g) tar zcf /media/usbdisk/linux-backup.tar.gz /path/to/Linux/area One other thing: I presume that when you say "internal symbolic links" you mean they're relative. A good example is /usr/tmp on a Fedora system: ls -l /usr/tmp lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jun 29 2005 /usr/tmp -> ../var/tmp Notice that /usr/tmp points to var/tmp in the parent directory, not directly to /var/tmp. If /usr was ever mounted anywhere else (for example, for rescue purposes, or under another Linux distribution), then /usr/tmp would still point to the Fedora /var/tmp directory (or into thin air if /var hadn't been mounted), not to the "host" OS's /var/tmp. In your case, relative symbolic links will continue pointing onto the USB disk if it ever gets mounted under another name or in a different tree. Hope this helps, James. -- E-mail address: james | Practically any car advert, for example, shows you @westexe.demon.co.uk | that if you buy this car you will get so lost that you | end up parked (well, no. The word here is "stuck") on | a mountain in Monument Valley. -- Telsa Gwynne