Thank you Marko; I immediately copied this to my notes. You don't need to apologize for a full answer even if it is a long post. As I commented to Les, yours and his reply is hard-to-find, valuable information. I am not sure what to recommend but your answers should be preserved somewhere where they are easily shared by others. On Mon, 2007-08-20 at 18:39 +0000, Marko Vojinovic wrote: > On Sunday 19 August 2007 17:42, William Case wrote: > > What happens in the micro-seconds between hitting the power button until > > BIOS is loaded from CMOS into RAM memory? > [BIG SNIP] The big snip does not reflect any editorial opinion. Just trying to keep the cost down for those who have to pay according to the size of the file transfer. -- Regards Bill