On Thu, 2005-12-29 at 12:44, Birt, Jeffrey wrote: > I agree with Les when he pointed out that man pages, if they exist, are > a reference; (if you don't know the subject already they are useless and > very frustrating.) But I strongly disagree that one must have interment > knowledge of the command line, I/O redirection, and environment > variables before starting a program. That's like saying you must learn > how the internal combustion engine works before driving a car. No, it's more like knowing that you can adjust the seat so you can reach the steering wheel and that you can and should adjust the mirrors to see before driving. Otherwise you'll be very surprised if you include any shell metacharacters on your command line (like *?|<>\"', etc.) or try to find what they do in some man page other than the shell's. Other programs only see the command line after shell processing is complete, thus learning them once will help you with every command you type. What you can do on the shell command line is exactly the same as what you can do in what you would call a shell script, because they are the same thing. If your only interaction with a computer is through a GUI that only allows commands the GUI author thought you might want to use, you might not be helped much by learning the services provided by the shell and taking advantage of them, but otherwise it is the right place to start. -- Les Mikesell lesmikesell@xxxxxxxxx