Thank to all those who helped me with this. I learnt a lot! I discovered that: *) AOL does pull all port 25 traffic into their server *) Port 587 is not trapped - but my smtp server does not seem to support it After playing with 'ethereal' for a while, comparing evolution emails and sendmail ones I suspect that aol may be deliberately rejecting all sendmail. It would not be ridiculous. But it may be DNS issues as others suggested. Anyway, I am using a workround - opening an pptp tunnel to my employers internal smtp server, and using it. Thank again for holding my hand. Bill