I understand the value of continuing the development of Linux as Fedora is continuing to do, but evidently the effect is that older hardware is no longer supportable. At least that seems to be the case with sound in Fedora. I have installed 13 versions of Red Hat and Fedora Linux since RH 4.x so I htink I have some experience in configuring sound as well as some other aspects of the Linux operating system. But my attempts to make sound work on a era 2000 Optiplex GXi in f8 seems doomed to failure. The degradation of sound started several versions ago. I had run FC1, Fc3 and FC4 on this machine but problems started with FC6. FC6 would not recognize the sound card but and the correct sound drivers where not loaded. I had to run a modprobe snd-cs4236 in /etc/rc.local to get sound to work. A similar problem occurred in Ubuntu 6.06, 7.2 and 7.10. In f8 we have a similar but unsolvable problem. The /etc/modprobe.conf has lines defining the cards parameters but they are ignored during boot in that the sound drivers are not loaded. The sound configuration program identifies the card but the test sound is not played until you explicitly tell it to load the drivers. But in the next boot you have to do that again to get the test sound. The usual programs to play CDs (such as gnome-cd) don't work reporting they can't find any sound to play even though one can see they accessing the correct device. The only program that works to play CDs is grip. cat /proc/asound/cards returns: 0 [CS4236B ]: CS4236B - CS4236B CS4236B at 0x534, irq 5, dma 1&3 so one can see that the card is identified as card 0. I have removed pulseaudio so that is not a factor, I have iinstalled the codecs in /usr/lib/codecs Now I have found that sound works as root but not as a normal user. Someone else reported this so if a solution to this was found let me know. -- ======================================================================= So much food; so little time! ======================================================================= Aaron Konstam telephone: (210) 656-0355 e-mail: akonstam@xxxxxxxxxxxxx