I have a Dell Latitude D820 and in order to make sound work at all, I had to install the newer Alsa drivers & utilties as described on the RedHat help site. http://people.redhat.com/stransky/alsa/ This laptop has an Intel southbridge architecture that uses the driver snd-hda-intel. Here is the problem. If the laptop starts and no headphones are plugged in, then inserting the headphones does nothing--sound keeps coming out from speakers. Conversely, if I put in the headphones before starting the comptuer, then the headphones do work, but yanking them does not make the speakers work. The alsa mixer does not show the headphones device, at all. None of the gnome mixer tools or kde mixer tools show more devices. I've stumbled throught a lot of Alsa documentation and there is a hint that specifying the model= option in modules.conf might help, but I don't understand the jargon for figuring out what model I have. They offer weird names like "3stack" and such. Do you know what model to use? Here's all the info I have: # aplay -l **** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices **** card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: STAC92xx Analog [STAC92xx Analog] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 1: STAC92xx Digital [STAC92xx Digital] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 # cat /proc/asound/cards 0 [Intel ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel HDA Intel at 0xdfffc000 irq 21 # /sbin/lspci -vv .... 00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 82801G (ICH7 Family) High Definition Audio Controller (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Unknown device 01cc Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B- Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- Latency: 0, Cache Line Size 10 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 21 Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 21 Region 0: Memory at dfffc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [50] Power Management version 2 Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=55mA PME(D0+,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+) Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME- Capabilities: [60] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000 Capabilities: [70] Express Unknown type IRQ 0 Device: Supported: MaxPayload 128 bytes, PhantFunc 0, ExtTag- Device: Latency L0s <64ns, L1 <1us Device: Errors: Correctable- Non-Fatal- Fatal- Unsupported- Device: RlxdOrd- ExtTag- PhantFunc- AuxPwr- NoSnoop+ Device: MaxPayload 128 bytes, MaxReadReq 128 bytes Link: Supported Speed unknown, Width x0, ASPM unknown, Port 0 Link: Latency L0s <64ns, L1 <1us Link: ASPM Disabled CommClk- ExtSynch- Link: Speed unknown, Width x0 Capabilities: [100] Virtual Channel Capabilities: [130] Unknown (5) ... -- Paul E. Johnson Professor, Political Science 1541 Lilac Lane, Room 504 University of Kansas