Hi, I had a completely running FC4. Due to some changes I had to wipe the partition linux was installed on. Some time later that changed back, so there was no need to wipe linux in the first place. But luckily I made a backup of the MBR and the linux partition. (dd if=/dev/hda | rsh user@host "gzip -9 > backupMBR.dd.gz" --> for the MBR) (dd if=/dev/hda1 | rsh user@host "gzip -9 > backup.hda1.dd.gz" --> for the linux partition itself) I restored everything via ssh using a knoppix cd (rsh user@host "cat backupMBR.dd.gz" | dd of=/dev/hda --> for the MBR) (rsh user@host "cat backup.hda1.dd.gz | gunzip" | dd of=/dev/hda1 --> for the root partition) and grub starts up fine. Also FC4 seems to start booting without errors, until it reaches the point where it complains mknod: failed to create /dev/null: 17 mknod: failed to create /dev/zero: 17 I checked the mailing list, and found some postings where other users also had this error. The conclusion of that discussion was, that it is a bug and need not be taken serious. Since I did not change anythin in the udev rules, I wouldnt expect that to be the cause. Anyway, going further in the boot process some applications complain, that they dont have the necessary permissions on /dev/null. And when the boot process finishes, and I try to login, PAM cannot authenticate the user. I suppose also due to the /dev/null problem. I havent found anyone else on the list having the same problem, so I started a new thread. Thanks for any pointers, hints, solutions. Cheers, /dev/loop