Success, of a sort! First, I backed up my /boot/initrd file the following command. cp /boot/initrd-2.6.11-1.14_FC3.img /root I ran the following command to create a new initrd image file. /sbin/mkinitrd --with=bttv --with=tuner initrd-2.6.11-1.14_FC3.img / 2.6.11-1.14_FC3 This created an initrd that correctly loads the bttv and tuner modules at system startup. A recap: << kudzu finds the tv card as new hardware and offers to configure it. kudzu is allowed to configure the new hardware after completing the boot process the new hardware does not have modules installed after subsequent reboots the system still will not load the driver modules >> While I do not believe that kudzu creates a new init ramdisk each time a new piece of hardware is installed, this was the only way I could get the modules to load. Not being an expert, I feel the problem might be a flaky card, as during the modprobe of the bttv module the eeprom reports the tuner as type 28 and according to source tuner docs this is a PAL tuner and I know that it is an NTSC tuner and therefore have to add the option tuner=39 to make it work correctly. I have, in the last five years, installed many new pieces of hardware and I have never looked at the initrd after to see if it changed. But the modprobe.conf or modules.conf always worked. That has been my experience so far. John