I have an ancient IBM Aptiva (PII 400Mhz) that nonetheless ran Red Hat 9 without problems. Fedora Core 2 installed faultlessly, except for sound. I used to use sndconfig, which isn't available under kernel 2.6 anymore, apparently. My modules.conf used to have the following: alias sound-slot-0 cs4232 [...snip some post-install and pre-remove stuff...] options sound dmabuf=1 alias synth0 op13 options op13 io=0x388 options cs4232 isapnp=1 I've discovered /etc/modprobe.conf and also discovered that /sbin/modprobe seems to work with cs4236 and not cs4232 (after much googling). This is what my modprobe.conf looks like now: alias snd-card-0 snd-cs4236 options snd-cs4236 isapnp=1 # this is all one line install snd-cs4236 /sbin/modprobe --ignore-install snd-cs4236 && /usr/sbin/alsactl restore >/dev/null 2>&1 || : # this is all one line remove snd-cs4236 { /usr/sbin/alsactl store >/dev/null 2>&1 || : ; }; /sbin/modprobe -r --ignore-remove snd-cs4236 The install and remove lines are copied verbatim from a post on google in which someone had a similar problem. This seems to convince Linux I have a soundcard. The volume control on Gnome functions and I see the mixer (and made sure everything's unmuted). But no sound. Not a peep. I must be missing something simple. Can anyone help?