Re: Multiple virtual address mapping for the same code on IA-64 linux kernel.

["linux-os \(Dick Johnson\)" <linux-os@analogic.com>]

On Tue, 16 Aug 2005, vamsi krishna wrote:

> Hello All,
>
> Sorry to interrupt you.
>
> I have been investigating a problem in which there has been a dramatic
> core size (complete program size) of a program running on a IA-64
> machine running kernel version 2.4.21-4.0.1 (A redhat advanced server
> distribution) compared to other 64-bit architectures like amd64 and
> EM64T. There has been an increase of around 20% of the size.
>

The IA-64 instruction-set is bigger than, for instance, AMD-64.
This could account for some code-size increase. It's also possible
that the 'C' compiler was doing more in-lining as well when the
libraries were built.

> I verified the virtual address mappings in /proc/<>/maps file and
> found that several .so files (other segments of same size) are getting
> mapped multiple times as follows.
> <------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------>
> 200000000005c000-200000000007c000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 6521003
>  /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6.4
> 200000000007c000-2000000000090000 rw-p 0000000000010000 08:07 6521003
>  /usr/X11R6/lib/libXext.so.6.4
> 2000000000090000-2000000000268000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 6520995
>  /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.2
> 2000000000268000-2000000000270000 ---p 00000000001d8000 08:07 6520995
>  /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.2
> 2000000000270000-2000000000284000 rw-p 00000000001d0000 08:07 6520995
>  /usr/X11R6/lib/libX11.so.6.2
> 2000000000284000-200000000028c000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 6094863
>  /lib/libdl-2.2.4.so
> 200000000028c000-2000000000294000 ---p 0000000000008000 08:07 6094863
>  /lib/libdl-2.2.4.so
> 2000000000294000-200000000029c000 rw-p 0000000000000000 08:07 6094863
>  /lib/libdl-2.2.4.so
> 200000000029c000-20000000002b8000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 6094883
>  /lib/libpthread-0.9.so
> 20000000002b8000-20000000002bc000 ---p 000000000001c000 08:07 6094883
>  /lib/libpthread-0.9.so
> 20000000002bc000-20000000002d4000 rw-p 0000000000010000 08:07 6094883
>  /lib/libpthread-0.9.so
> 20000000002d4000-2000000000358000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 376886
>  /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5.2
> 2000000000358000-2000000000364000 ---p 0000000000084000 08:07 376886
>  /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5.2
> 2000000000364000-2000000000374000 rw-p 0000000000080000 08:07 376886
>  /usr/lib/libncurses.so.5.2
> 2000000000374000-2000000000378000 rw-p 0000000000000000 00:00 0
> 2000000000378000-2000000000400000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 6094865
>  /lib/libm-2.2.4.so
> 2000000000400000-2000000000408000 ---p 0000000000088000 08:07 6094865
>  /lib/libm-2.2.4.so
> 2000000000408000-2000000000414000 rw-p 0000000000080000 08:07 6094865
>  /lib/libm-2.2.4.so
> 2000000000414000-200000000065c000 r-xp 0000000000000000 08:07 6094859
>  /lib/libc-2.2.4.so
> 200000000065c000-2000000000664000 ---p 0000000000248000 08:07 6094859
>  /lib/libc-2.2.4.so
> 2000000000664000-2000000000678000 rw-p 0000000000240000 08:07 6094859
>  /lib/libc-2.2.4.so
> <------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------->
>
> example /lib/libc-2.2.4.so size 6094859    got mapped 3 times with
> permissions 'r-xp' , '---p' and 'rw-p' from the bottom.
>

Looks okay. Several different offsets are mapped with different
permissions.

> I found the similar mappings for all the programs running on a IA-64
> machine. Is this some special kernel kind of feature on IA-64 ??
>

Same features on ix86....

08048000-08050000 r-xp 00000000 03:01 1392661    /sbin/init
08050000-08051000 rw-p 00008000 03:01 1392661    /sbin/init
08051000-08072000 rw-p 08051000 00:00 0          [heap]
4a956000-4a96b000 r-xp 00000000 03:01 9371722    /lib/ld-2.3.3.so
4a96b000-4a96c000 r--p 00014000 03:01 9371722    /lib/ld-2.3.3.so
4a96c000-4a96d000 rw-p 00015000 03:01 9371722    /lib/ld-2.3.3.so
4a973000-4aa88000 r-xp 00000000 03:01 9371733    /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so
4aa88000-4aa8a000 r--p 00115000 03:01 9371733    /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so
4aa8a000-4aa8c000 rw-p 00117000 03:01 9371733    /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so
4aa8c000-4aa8e000 rw-p 4aa8c000 00:00 0
4bbfd000-4bc0b000 r-xp 00000000 03:01 9371763    /lib/libselinux.so.1
4bc0b000-4bc0d000 rw-p 0000d000 03:01 9371763    /lib/libselinux.so.1
b7f03000-b7f04000 rw-p b7f03000 00:00 0
bfa0d000-bfa23000 rw-p bfa0d000 00:00 0          [stack]
ffffe000-fffff000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0          [vdso]

.... just doesn't look so enormous!


> Your kind inputs on this problem are greatly appreciated.
>
> Looking forward to hear from you.
>
> Thanks in advance,
> Vamsi kundeti
> -

Cheers,
Dick Johnson
Penguin : Linux version 2.6.12 on an i686 machine (5537.79 BogoMips).
Warning : 98.36% of all statistics are fiction.
.
I apologize for the following. I tried to kill it with the above dot :

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