Why does a web browser need raw socket access? Raw sockets are for creating your own protocols on top of IP - that is, alternatives to TCP and UDP. It's also for protocols that don't normally offer userspace APIs. One way to implement ping is to use a raw socket tp send and receive ICMP packets. All a web browser should require is TCP and DNS! Don Quixote -- Don Quixote de la Mancha quixote@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx http://www.dulcineatech.com Dulcinea Technologies Corporation: Software of Elegance and Beauty. -- users mailing list users@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx To unsubscribe or change subscription options: https://admin.fedoraproject.org/mailman/listinfo/users Guidelines: http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Mailing_list_guidelines