I do the not-so-rare "trick" of having two X sessions running, allowing ctrl-alt-f7 / ctrl-alt-f8 to be a very painless fast-user-switch. In order for this to work, I want more lax permissions on the sound devices. (All members of group "sndshare" get access.) Previously, this was accomplished by changing the settings for the <sound> device class in a file in /etc/security/console.perms. That device class no longer exists in that file. I assume this is because there is some new special modern udev way of accomplishing the same goal. But, since all of the udev .rules files contain the line "# do not edit this file, it will be overwritten on update", I'm not quite sure where is proper. Plus, the 40-alsa-rules doesn't seem to be quite comprehensive -- some of the devices must be created via defaults somewhere else. So, what's the Right Thing To Do? (I'm using F9beta but I think the same thing applies to F8, which I skipped.) -- Matthew Miller mattdm@xxxxxxxxxx <http://mattdm.org/> Boston University Linux ------> <http://linux.bu.edu/>