Why would the command /etc/init.d/pulseaudio start work, whereas the command service pulseaudio start produces an X11 error "XOpenDisplay() failed" as seen below? I'm baffled. Granted, I hacked /etc/init.d/pulseaudio myself, but how could it produce such different results? Reik PS: the reason I want to have pulseaudio as a service is that I don't use gnome or kde, and hence have no simple way of starting pulseaudio automatically when a session starts. ============================== (root) 111 > /etc/init.d/pulseaudio start Starting PulseAudio Daemon: pulseaudio. (root) 112 > W: main.c: Warning: home directory of user 'pulse' is not '/var/run/pulse', ignoring. W: main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NICE, (31, 31)) failed: Operation not permitted W: main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_RTPRIO, (9, 9)) failed: Operation not permitted ALSA lib control.c:909:(snd_ctl_open_noupdate) Invalid CTL front:0 ALSA lib control.c:909:(snd_ctl_open_noupdate) Invalid CTL front:0 (root) 112 > /etc/init.d/pulseaudio stop Stopping PulseAudio Daemon: pulseaudio. (root) 113 > service pulseaudio start Starting PulseAudio Daemon: pulseaudio. (root) 114 > W: main.c: Warning: home directory of user 'pulse' is not '/var/run/pulse', ignoring. W: main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_NICE, (31, 31)) failed: Operation not permitted W: main.c: setrlimit(RLIMIT_RTPRIO, (9, 9)) failed: Operation not permitted ALSA lib control.c:909:(snd_ctl_open_noupdate) Invalid CTL front:0 ALSA lib control.c:909:(snd_ctl_open_noupdate) Invalid CTL front:0 NOTE: HERE IS THE NEW ERROR E: x11wrap.c: XOpenDisplay() failed E: module.c: Failed to load module "module-x11-publish" (argument: ""): initialization failed. E: main.c: Module load failed. E: main.c: failed to initialize daemon. ==============================