(i'll use the initramfs from my f8-t1 system here, but i'm fairly sure all the issues still apply to f7.) from where comes the initramfs that's part of the fedora-supplied kernel package? i'm curious about the first part of its init script: mount -t proc /proc /proc setquiet echo Mounting proc filesystem echo Mounting sysfs filesystem mount -t sysfs /sys /sys ... first and pedantically, one would think that you should print that you're mounting the proc filesystem *before* you actually try it. :-) and where does one find utilities like "setquiet"? since the contents of the initramfs are being run in userspace, where does one find init-referenced utilities like setquiet, hotplug and mkblkdevs, among others? they're not part of the initramfs image, so where do they come from? (and, yes, i'm prepared for that to be a stupid question. :-) rday -- ======================================================================== Robert P. J. Day Linux Consulting, Training and Annoying Kernel Pedantry Waterloo, Ontario, CANADA http://crashcourse.ca ========================================================================