Gayal asked: >>> Wuts the different between su, su - root and sudo ? Jafar concisely answered: >> su will let you run a shell with substitute user without >> making the shell a login shell. >> su - will let you run a shell with substitute user and make the shell >> a login shell. If you put no username, it assumes as root (same as su) Minor elaboration: "su - root" is the same as "su -". While the omission or inclusion of the username is the same in "su" as "su -", the response could have been interpreted as "su -" = "su". >> sudo will let you run certain or all commands as if you are >> root, depending on the settings on visudo file. Gayal replied: > Ur answere is too complex :) > can u be more simple :D How about this then, five characters: - r o t d ;-p -- (Currently running FC4, occasionally trying FC5.) Don't send private replies to my address, the mailbox is ignored. I read messages from the public lists.