Charles Howse wrote: > But is it mandatory for me to list the research I've done and the results? > I would hope not. > Maybe I've gone off on a tangent in my research, or don't know how to Google > as well as someone else? Is that a reason to RTFM me? "Mandatory" isn't a helpful word, I think. It isn't mandatory for you to post or me to answer. It's just that, out of courtesy to those who do try to help, it's nice if you can specify what you've done so they don't waste everyone's time suggesting it again. But there are other factors as well. If you've gone off on a tangent, then that means your mental model of what's going on isn't accurate. You may find that the response says something like "don't worry about the BIOS, Linux sets this up for itself". That might tell you more about how hardware gets set up, and what has responsibility for what. It will give you a much better mental model for troubleshooting in the future. If you don't mention the BIOS, then you still might think that what the BIOS says is necessarily accurate (for example). If you can't Google, that is a problem. But the response might say "I googled on '"foo bar" --widget', WITH the double quotes". That might show you, by example, how to Google better. And that *is* a life skill worth learning. Hope this helps, James. -- E-mail address: james | DON'T be put off by "horror stories" spread by @westexe.demon.co.uk | others. People who talk about death and serious | injury are very rarely the ones who have actually | suffered such things. -- Adrian Plass