I need to create an ssh port forwarding tunnel to another machine when my Xen VM starts up, so I added this to the VM's /etc/rc.d/rc.local: ssh -f -L 5500:localhost:5501 remote_host_ip tail -f /dev/null This causes my VM to pause for about 3 minutes during boot right after "Starting HAL daemon: [ OK ]" Furthermore, the ssh tunnel never gets created. I have null-passphrase authentication keys working, so I can execute the tunnel manually after I log in. So why won't the tunnel work before I log in? I don't get any errors in /var/log/messages, just a 3-minute gap between entries. Is there anywhere else I can look to find potential error messages? When I try the same trick on the bare-metal host machine, it works fine: no 3-minute stall and the ssh tunnel is created fine. So I suppose what I need is a way to find or create error messages so I can diagnose further. Maybe then I can take this to the Xen list. Stephen Brueckner, ATC-NY