What I've now done is get rid of everything out of /etc/sane.d/ that looks as if it isn't necessary to use my Epson scanner. This directory now contains:- [dave@boss sane.d]$ ls dll.conf dll.conf.rpmsave epkowa.conf.original epson.conf.rpmsave dll.conf.orig dmc.conf epson.conf dll.conf.original epkowa.conf epson.conf.original [dave@boss sane.d]$ dll.conf has everything commented out except epson and epkowa. The contents of my other two conf files are:- # epkowa.conf # # examples for how to configure the SANE EPSON KOWA Backend # # SCSI scanner: scsi EPSON # # Parallel port scanner: #pio 0x278 #pio 0x378 #pio 0x3BC # # USB scanner - only enable this if you have an EPSON scanner. It could # otherwise block your non-EPSON scanner from being # recognized. usb /dev/usb/scanner0 # epson.conf # # here are some examples for how to configure the EPSON backend # # SCSI scanner: scsi EPSON # # Parallel port scanner: #pio 0x278 #pio 0x378 #pio 0x3BC # # USB scanner: # There are two different methods of configuring a USB scanner: libusb and the kernel module # For any system with libusb support (which is pretty much any recent Linux distribution) the # following line is sufficient. This however assumes that the connected scanner (or to be more # accurate, it's device ID) is known to the backend. #usb # For libusb support for unknown scanners use the following command # usb <product ID> <device ID> # e.g.: usb 0x04b8 0x0112 # And for the scanner module, use the following configuration: usb /dev/usb/scanner0 #usb /dev/usb/scanner0 # Try USB printers -- this line is required (bug #122328) #usb What now happens if I switch on the scanner and start xsane, xsane thinks it has found a scanner. When I try to do a scan preview xsane gives me the error Failed to start scanner: Error during device I/O If I then shut down and restart xsane, it takes much longer to find the scanner, but then it works, so I think I'm nearly there. Here are the the relevant lines from the system log:- Feb 22 14:15:49 boss kernel: usb 1-1: xsane timed out on ep1in Feb 22 14:15:49 boss kernel: usb 1-1: usbfs: USBDEVFS_BULK failed ep 0x81 len 1 ret -110 Feb 22 14:18:47 boss kernel: usb 1-1: xsane timed out on ep1in Feb 22 14:18:47 boss kernel: usb 1-1: usbfs: USBDEVFS_BULK failed ep 0x81 len 1 ret -110 Thanks, Dave Fletcher