[PATCH] [Bug 9020] atomic_ops.txt has incorrect, misleading and insufficient information

[Matti Linnanvuori <mattilinnanvuori@yahoo.com>]

From: Matti Linnanvuori <mattilinnanvuori@yahoo.com>

atomic_ops.txt has incorrect, misleading and insufficient
information about semantics of initializer, atomic_set, atomic_read and atomic_xchg. 
It also incorrectly implies that operations mentioned above are not actual atomic operations.
Included is most of the patch Document non-semantics of atomic_read() and atomic_set() by Chris Snook, 
except the word "assignment".

Signed-off-by: Matti Linnanvuori <mattilinnanvuori@yahoo.com>
---

--- linux-2.6.23-rc6/Documentation-atomic_ops.txt    2007-09-14 23:49:20.126251500 +0300
+++ linux-2.6.23/Documentation-atomic_ops.txt    2007-09-15 09:56:16.136312500 +0300
@@ -12,7 +12,11 @@ Also, it should be made opaque such that
 C integer type will fail.  Something like the following should
 suffice:
 
-    typedef struct { volatile int counter; } atomic_t;
+    typedef struct { int counter; } atomic_t;
+
+    Historically, counter has been declared volatile.  This is now
+discouraged.  See Documentation/volatile-considered-harmful.txt for the
+complete rationale.
 
     The first operations to implement for atomic_t's are the
 initializers and plain reads.
@@ -24,6 +28,13 @@ The first macro is used in definitions, 
 
 static atomic_t my_counter = ATOMIC_INIT(1);
 
+The initializer is atomic in that the return values of the atomic
+operations are guaranteed to be correct reflecting the initialized
+value if the initializer is used before runtime. If the initializer
+is used at runtime, a proper implicit or explicit read memory barrier
+is needed before reading the value with atomic_read from another
+thread.
+
 The second interface can be used at runtime, as in:
 
     struct foo { atomic_t counter; };
@@ -36,13 +47,45 @@ The second interface can be used at runt
         return -ENOMEM;
     atomic_set(&k->counter, 0);
 
+The setting is atomic in that the return values of the atomic
+operations by all threads are guaranteed to be correct reflecting
+either the value before the setting or the value that has been set
+with this setting. A proper implicit or explicit memory barrier is
+needed before the value set with the operation is guaranteed to be
+readable with atomic_read from another thread.
+
 Next, we have:
 
     #define atomic_read(v)    ((v)->counter)
 
-which simply reads the current value of the counter.
+which simply reads the counter value currently visible to the calling
+thread. The read is atomic in that the return value is guaranteed to
+be one of the values initialized or modified with the interface
+operations if a proper implicit or explicit memory barrier is used
+after possible runtime initialization by any other thread and the
+value is modified only with the interface operations. atomic_read
+does not guarantee that the runtime initialization by any other
+thread is visible yet, so the user of the interface must take care of
+that with a proper implicit or explicit memory barrier.
+
+*** WARNING: atomic_read() and atomic_set() DO NOT IMPLY BARRIERS! ***
+
+Some architectures may choose to use the volatile keyword, barriers, or
+inline assembly to guarantee some degree of immediacy for atomic_read()
+and atomic_set().  This is not uniformly guaranteed, and may change in
+the future, so all users of atomic_t should treat atomic_read() and
+atomic_set() as simple C statements that may be reordered or
+optimized away entirely by the compiler or processor, and explicitly
+invoke the appropriate compiler and/or memory barrier for each use case.
+Failure to do so will result in code that may suddenly break when used with
+different architectures or compiler optimizations, or even changes in
+unrelated code which changes how the compiler optimizes the section
+accessing atomic_t variables.
 
-Now, we move onto the actual atomic operation interfaces.
+*** YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED! ***
+
+Now, we move onto the atomic operation interfaces typically
+implemented with the help of assembly code.
 
     void atomic_add(int i, atomic_t *v);
     void atomic_sub(int i, atomic_t *v);
@@ -117,6 +160,12 @@ operation.
 
 Then:
 
+      int atomic_xchg(atomic_t *v, int new);
+
+This performs an atomic exchange operation on the atomic variable v,
+with the given new value. It returns the old value that the atomic
+variable v had just before the operation.
+
     int atomic_cmpxchg(atomic_t *v, int old, int new);
 
 This performs an atomic compare exchange operation on the atomic value v,





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