H. Peter Anvin wrote:
I just got the following message on the syslinux mailing list:
2. On some platforms (vmware for example :), READING from the video memory
in the 32bit mode is impossible (causes an exeption). Taking in to account
that the scroll function in ilinux/arch/i386/boot/compressed/misc.c
works using a memcpy of the video memory, when the linux bootsector is given
control and the cursor is at the end of the screen (-1-2 lines) an exception is
arisen and in the presence of it's handler in the bootloader the system halts.
Both lilo and grub handle this situation - the cursor is always somewhere at the
middle of the screen when the control is given to the linux bootsector.
When using pxelinux taking in to account that the PXE bios prints out the
presence of the second initramfs which causes the screen to scroll and the bug
to appear :)
A very simple solution - the screen is cleared before giving control to the
linux bootsector (in the patch).
First of all, is this actually true? This seems like a monumental screwup.
Second, assuming it is true, what should be done about it? The notion
that the bootloader should erase the screen is ridiculous since we spend
a lot of effort maintaining the screen context from 16-bit code.
I see a couple of options:
a. Do nothing. It's a Vmware bug, let the users bug Vmware and get an
updated version.
b. Detect Vmware versions that are affected (how?) and suppress output.
c. Don't attempt to scroll in this code, and instead wrap around the
screen (presumably clearing the rest of the line.)
d. Blindly assume hardware scrolling works, instead of doing
copy-to-scroll. Although I have seen craptops on which hardware
scrolling is broken, it's hardly critical messages we're dealing with
here. A bug for a bug...
Sorry it took me so long to follow up on this.
It's not a VMware bug. Video memory operates just fine under VMware.
This led me to put the bug on the back-burner.
Today it came back to the front, and I did some investigation. It's
also not a syslinux bug, although it is triggered by syslinux.
Depending on how much information is on the screen, you can trigger a
Linux bug caused by a compiler problem.
In the boot decompressor for the kernel in the image Iouri provided, I
find the following code present in memory before the first kernel
instruction executes:
Here is Linux function scroll, which calls memcpy to scroll vga memory:
0x104131 : mov %edx,0x4(%esp,1)
0x104135 : mov %ecx,(%esp,1)
0x104138 : mov %eax,0x8(%esp,1)
0x10413c : call 0x1040d0
Here is Linux function memcpy:
(gdb) x/40i 0x1040d0
0x1040d0 : push %ebp
0x1040d1 : test %ecx,%ecx
0x1040d3 : mov %esp,%ebp
0x1040d5 : push %edi
0x1040d6 : mov %eax,%edi
0x1040d8 : push %esi
0x1040d9 : mov %edx,%esi
0x1040db : push %ebx
0x1040dc : mov %ecx,%ebx
0x1040de : je 0x1040f4
0x1040e0 : xor %ecx,%ecx
0x1040e2 : xor %edx,%edx
0x1040e4 : movzbl (%esi,%edx,1),%eax
0x1040e8 : add $0x1,%ecx
0x1040eb : cmp %ebx,%ecx
0x1040ed : mov %al,(%edi,%edx,1)
0x1040f0 : mov %ecx,%edx
0x1040f2 : jne 0x1040e4
0x1040f4 : mov %edi,%eax
0x1040f6 : pop %ebx
0x1040f7 : pop %esi
0x1040f8 : pop %edi
0x1040f9 : pop %ebp
0x1040fa : ret
As you can plainly see, the call to memcpy (which is redefined in
boot/compressed/misc.c) is made using stack calling convention.
Unfortunately, the compiler generated the memcpy function itself using
regparm(3) convention. I am guessing this happened because a leftover
prototype declaring memcpy as regparm got pulled in from somewhere, but
gcc ignored it in the callsite because the function was declared static
in the same file.
The net result of this is the parameters to memcpy get swapped, causing
a memcpy from 0xb80a0 to destination (in register edx, 80x24 * 2) 0xa00,
of size 0xb8000.
This corrupts all usable memory below 640k, including the GDT which is
currently loaded.
But since the compressed kernel is running in high memory, above 1Mb,
the kernel is fine. The compress loader head.S then proceeds to copy
the move routine to address 0x11000, and executes the following instruction:
ljmp $(__KERNEL_CS), $0x1000 # and jump to the move routine
This reloads CS descriptor from the GDT, which is now garbage, and
contains an invalid segment. The ljmp then generates a #GP. Since
there is no IDT setup to handle the GDT (and even if there were, the
destination CS would again be reloaded, causing a fault), a double fault
is generated. Since the double-fault also hits the same problem, the
machine then triple faults and proceeds to reboot.
Since the SCREEN_INFO passed to the kernel in the bad case has orig_y is
set to 22, when we print 3 newlines:
putstr(".\nDecompressing Linux...");
gunzip();
putstr("done.\nBooting the kernel.\n");
We cause the VGA to scroll, and trigger the bug.
Does anyone recall compiler problems (I noticed this VM was booting a
64-bit kernel, but the decompressor was 32-bit code, so perhaps at some
time the 64-bit makefile or toolchain for Linux had some kind of
compiler bug).
Zach
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