Re: [ckrm-tech] [RFC 0/4] sched: Add CPU rate caps (improved)

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MAEDA Naoaki wrote:


I tried to run kernbench with hard cap, and then it spent a very
long time on "Cleaning souce tree..." phase. Because this phase
is not CPU hog, my expectation is that it act as without cap.

That can be reproduced by just running "make clean" on top of a
kernel source tree with hard cap.

% /usr/bin/time make clean
1.62user 0.29system 0:01.90elapsed 101%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k 
0inputs+0outputs (0major+68539minor)pagefaults 0swaps

  # Without cap, it returns almost immediately

% ~/withcap.sh  -C 900 /usr/bin/time make clean
1.61user 0.29system 1:26.17elapsed 2%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+68537minor)pagefaults 0swaps

  # With 90% hard cap, it takes about 1.5 minutes.

% ~/withcap.sh  -C 100 /usr/bin/time make clean
1.64user 0.34system 3:31.48elapsed 0%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k
0inputs+0outputs (0major+68538minor)pagefaults 0swaps

  # It became worse with 10% hard cap.

% ~/withcap.sh  -c 900 /usr/bin/time make clean
1.63user 0.28system 0:01.89elapsed 100%CPU (0avgtext+0avgdata 0maxresident)k 
0inputs+0outputs (0major+68537minor)pagefaults 0swaps

  # It doesn't happen with soft cap.
This behaviour is caused by the "make clean" being a short lived CPU intensive task. It was made worse by the facts that my simplifications to the sinbin duration calculation which assumed a constant CPU burst size based on the time slice and that exiting tasks could still have caps enforced. (The simplification was done to avoid 64 bit divides.)
I've put in a more complex sinbin calculation (and don't think the 64 bit divides will matter too much as they're on an infrequently travelled path. Exiting tasks are now excluded from having caps enforced on the grounds that it's best for system performance to let them get out of the way as soon as possible. A patch is attached and I would appreciate it if you could see if it improves the situation you are observing.
These changes don't completely get rid of the phenomenon but I think that it's less severe. I've written a couple of scripts to test this behaviour using the wload program from: 

<http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/cpuse/simloads-0.1.1.tar.gz?download>
You run loop.sh with a single argument and it uses asps.sh. What the test does is run a number (specified by the argument to loop.sh) of instances of wload in series and uses time to get the stats for the series to complete. It does these for a number of different durations of wload running between 0.001 and 10.0 seconds. Here's an example of an output from an uncapped run: 

Peter[peterw@heathwren ~]$ ./loops.sh 1
-d=0.001: user = 0.01 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.00 rate = 133%
-d=0.005: user = 0.01 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.01 rate = 84%
-d=0.01: user = 0.02 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.01 rate = 105%
-d=0.05: user = 0.06 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.05 rate = 103%
-d=0.1: user = 0.10 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.11 rate = 98%
-d=0.5: user = 0.50 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.50 rate = 100%
-d=1.0: user = 1.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 1.01 rate = 99%
-d=5.0: user = 5.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 5.01 rate = 99%
-d=10.0: user = 10.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 10.01 rate = 99%

and with a cap of 90%:

[peterw@heathwren ~]$ withcap -C 900 ./loops.sh 1
-d=0.001: user = 0.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.01 rate = 53%
-d=0.005: user = 0.01 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.02 rate = 61%
-d=0.01: user = 0.01 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.03 rate = 66%
-d=0.05: user = 0.06 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.07 rate = 85%
-d=0.1: user = 0.10 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.11 rate = 91%
-d=0.5: user = 0.50 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.56 rate = 90%
-d=1.0: user = 1.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 1.11 rate = 90%
-d=5.0: user = 5.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 5.54 rate = 90%
-d=10.0: user = 10.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 11.14 rate = 89%
Notice how the tasks' usage rates get closer to the cap the longer the task runs and never exceeds the cap. With smaller caps the effect is different e.g. for a 9% cap we get: 

[peterw@heathwren ~]$ withcap -C 90 ./loops.sh 1
-d=0.001: user = 0.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.01 rate = 109%
-d=0.005: user = 0.01 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.02 rate = 59%
-d=0.01: user = 0.02 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.05 rate = 35%
-d=0.05: user = 0.05 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.14 rate = 42%
-d=0.1: user = 0.10 system = 0.00 elapsed = 0.25 rate = 43%
-d=0.5: user = 0.50 system = 0.00 elapsed = 1.87 rate = 27%
-d=1.0: user = 1.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 5.37 rate = 18%
-d=5.0: user = 5.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 48.61 rate = 10%
-d=10.0: user = 10.00 system = 0.00 elapsed = 102.22 rate = 9%

and short lived tasks are being under capped.
Bearing in mind that -d=0.01 is equivalent of a task running for just a single tick and that that's about the shortest cycle length we're likely to see for CPU intensive tasks (and then only when the capping enforcement kicks) I think it is unrealistic to expect much better for tasks with a life shorter than that. Further it takes several cycles to gather reasonable statistics to base capping enforcement so I think that doing much better than this for short lived tasks is unrealistic.
You could also try using a smaller value for CAP_STATS_OFFSET as this will shorten the half life of the Kalman filters and make the capping react more quickly to changes in usage rates (which is what a task's starting is). The downside is that it will be less smooth. 

Peter
--
Peter Williams                                   [email protected]

"Learning, n. The kind of ignorance distinguishing the studious."
 -- Ambrose Bierce

Attachment: loops.sh
Description: application/shellscript

---
 kernel/sched.c |   18 +++++++++++-------
 1 file changed, 11 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

Index: MM-2.6.17-rc5-mm3/kernel/sched.c
===================================================================
--- MM-2.6.17-rc5-mm3.orig/kernel/sched.c	2006-06-06 11:29:51.000000000 +1000
+++ MM-2.6.17-rc5-mm3/kernel/sched.c	2006-06-08 14:28:10.000000000 +1000
@@ -216,7 +216,8 @@ static void sinbin_release_fn(unsigned l
 #define cap_load_weight(p) \
 	(max((int)((min_cpu_rate_cap(p) * SCHED_LOAD_SCALE) / CPU_CAP_ONE), 1))
 #define safe_to_enforce_cap(p) \
-	(!((p)->mutexes_held || (p)->flags & (PF_FREEZE | PF_UIWAKE)))
+	(!((p)->mutexes_held || \
+	   (p)->flags & (PF_FREEZE | PF_UIWAKE | PF_EXITING)))
 #define safe_to_sinbin(p) (safe_to_enforce_cap(p) && !signal_pending(p))
 
 static void init_cpu_rate_caps(task_t *p)
@@ -1235,13 +1236,16 @@ static unsigned long reqd_sinbin_ticks(c
 	unsigned long long rhs = p->avg_cycle_length * p->cpu_rate_hard_cap;
 
 	if (lhs > rhs) {
-		unsigned long res;
-
-		res = static_prio_timeslice(p->static_prio);
-		res *= (CPU_CAP_ONE - p->cpu_rate_hard_cap);
-		res /= CPU_CAP_ONE;
+		lhs -= p->avg_cpu_per_cycle;
+		lhs >>= CAP_STATS_OFFSET;
+		/* have to do two divisions because there's no gaurantee
+		 * that p->cpu_rate_hard_cap * (1000000000 / HZ) would
+		 * not overflow a 32 bit unsigned integer
+		 */
+		(void)do_div(lhs, p->cpu_rate_hard_cap);
+		(void)do_div(lhs, (1000000000 / HZ));
 
-		return res ? : 1;
+		return lhs ? : 1;
 	}
 
 	return 0;

Attachment: asps.sh
Description: application/shellscript

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