Hello, Andi Kleen & Greg Kroah-Hartman.
I've encountered this problem on my new desktop - an athlon 64
machine with ASUS A8N-E (w/ CK804 a.k.a nforce4 chipset, lspci results
at the end of this mail) and 4 gigs of memory. I put in an intel
82541 gigabit controller in one of its PCI slot but it malfunctioned.
If I ping from another machine, replies got dropped, delayed in
seconds, dupped and/or corrupted.
As the last 1gig of memory lived above 4G barrier, I suspected
addressing problem and booted with mem=4G. Then, it worked fine. I
verified again with Adaptec 29160 SCSI controller. Without mem=4G,
data corruption occurred and sometimes probing went wrong with lots of
messages similar to the following.
scsi: host 4 channel 0 id 1 lun 0xffffffffffffffff has a LUN larger than currently supported.
I believe the problem is with the PCI bridge on the chipset as the
ethernet controller living on the chipset, which doesn't go throught
the PCI bridge, has no problem accessing memories over 4G.
The following patchset
a. implements dma_broken_dac() in arch/i386/quirks.c which takes a
device and returns whether any ancestor of the device is in
bridges_with_broken_dac pci ID list, which currently contains only
CK804 PCI bridge.
b. adds dma_broken_dac() check to dma_supported() functions of i386
and x86_64 thus failing 64bit pci_set_dma_mask for devices hanging
off bridges with broken DAC support.
arch/i386/kernel/quirks.c was chosen as the test is needed by both
i386 and x86_64. I didn't know where to put the prototype and put it
right above its usage for i386 and in asm-x86_64/proto.h for x86_64.
Please let me know if there are better places.
With these patches applied, my machine reports like the following on
boot and the e1000 and aic79xx work fine.
PCI 0000:05:06.0: bridge 0000:00:09.0 has broken DAC support, 64bit DMA disabled
Thanks.
[ Start of patch descriptions ]
01_i386_and_x86_64_implement-dma_broken_dac.patch
: implement dma_broken_dac() test for i386 and x86_64
CK804 PCI bridge fails to forward DAC commands from the
secondary bus to the primary, which is required by PCI
specification from ver1.1. This patch implements
dma_broken_dac() which tests whether there is any such bridge
among parents of a given device.
02_i386_and_x86_64_add-broken-dac-check-to-i386.patch
: check broken_dac to i386 dma_supported()
check for broken_dac in i386 dma_supported() routine. This
disables 64-bit DMA for devices hanging off broken bridges.
03_i386_and_x86_64_add-broken-dac-check-to-x86_64.patch
: check broken_dac to x86_64 dma_supported()
check for broken_dac in x86-64 dma_supported() routine. This
disables 64-bit DMA for devices hanging off broken bridges.
[ End of patch descriptions ]
Details regarding the machine.
a. Memory configuration.
BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009f800 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 000000000009f800 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 00000000bfff0000 (usable)
BIOS-e820: 00000000bfff0000 - 00000000bfff3000 (ACPI NVS)
BIOS-e820: 00000000bfff3000 - 00000000c0000000 (ACPI data)
BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
BIOS-e820: 0000000100000000 - 0000000140000000 (usable)
b. lspci -vt
-[00]-+-00.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 Memory Controller
+-01.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 ISA Bridge
+-01.1 nVidia Corporation CK804 SMBus
+-02.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 USB Controller
+-02.1 nVidia Corporation CK804 USB Controller
+-04.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 AC'97 Audio Controller
+-06.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 IDE
+-07.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 Serial ATA Controller
+-08.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 Serial ATA Controller
+-09.0-[05]--+-06.0 Intel Corporation 82541GI/PI Gigabit Ethernet Controller
| +-07.0 VIA Technologies Inc. VT1720/24 [Envy24PT/HT] PCI Multi-Channel Audio Controller
| \-08.0 Timedia Technology Co Ltd PCI2S550 (Dual 16550 UART)
+-0a.0 nVidia Corporation CK804 Ethernet Controller
+-0b.0-[04]--
+-0c.0-[03]--
+-0d.0-[02]--
+-0e.0-[01]----00.0 nVidia Corporation GeForce 6200 TurboCache(TM)
+-18.0 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration
+-18.1 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map
+-18.2 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller
\-18.3 Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control
c. lspci -nvvv
0000:00:00.0 0580: 10de:005e (rev a3)
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0
Capabilities: [44] #08 [01e0]
Capabilities: [e0] #08 [a801]
0000:00:01.0 0601: 10de:0050 (rev a3)
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle+ MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap- 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0
0000:00:01.1 0c05: 10de:0052 (rev a2)
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 11
Region 0: I/O ports at e400 [size=32]
Region 4: I/O ports at 4c00 [size=64]
Region 5: I/O ports at 4c40 [size=64]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:02.0 0c03: 10de:005a (rev a2) (prog-if 10)
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (750ns min, 250ns max)
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 20
Region 0: Memory at d5004000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1+ D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:02.1 0c03: 10de:005b (rev a3) (prog-if 20)
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (750ns min, 250ns max)
Interrupt: pin B routed to IRQ 19
Region 0: Memory at feb00000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256]
Capabilities: [44] #0a [2098]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1+ D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:04.0 0401: 10de:0059 (rev a2)
Subsystem: 1043:812a
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (500ns min, 1250ns max)
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18
Region 0: I/O ports at dc00 [size=256]
Region 1: I/O ports at e000 [size=256]
Region 2: Memory at d5003000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1+ D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:06.0 0101: 10de:0053 (rev f2) (prog-if 8a [Master SecP PriP])
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (750ns min, 250ns max)
Region 4: I/O ports at f000 [size=16]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:07.0 0101: 10de:0054 (rev f3) (prog-if 85 [Master SecO PriO])
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (750ns min, 250ns max)
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17
Region 0: I/O ports at 09f0 [size=8]
Region 1: I/O ports at 0bf0 [size=4]
Region 2: I/O ports at 0970 [size=8]
Region 3: I/O ports at 0b70 [size=4]
Region 4: I/O ports at d800 [size=16]
Region 5: Memory at d5002000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:08.0 0101: 10de:0055 (rev f3) (prog-if 85 [Master SecO PriO])
Subsystem: 1043:815a
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (750ns min, 250ns max)
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 18
Region 0: I/O ports at 09e0 [size=8]
Region 1: I/O ports at 0be0 [size=4]
Region 2: I/O ports at 0960 [size=8]
Region 3: I/O ports at 0b60 [size=4]
Region 4: I/O ports at c400 [size=16]
Region 5: Memory at d5001000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:09.0 0604: 10de:005c (rev a2) (prog-if 01)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B-
Status: Cap- 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0
Bus: primary=00, secondary=05, subordinate=05, sec-latency=128
I/O behind bridge: 0000a000-0000afff
Memory behind bridge: d3000000-d4ffffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: d5100000-d51fffff
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
0000:00:0a.0 0680: 10de:0057 (rev a3)
Subsystem: 1043:8141
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0 (250ns min, 5000ns max)
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 17
Region 0: Memory at d5000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Region 1: I/O ports at b000 [size=8]
Capabilities: [44] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1+ D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable+ DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:00:0b.0 0604: 10de:005d (rev a3)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 0x08 (32 bytes)
Bus: primary=00, secondary=04, subordinate=04, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000f000-00000fff
Memory behind bridge: fff00000-000fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fff00000-0000000000000000
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [48] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/1 Enable-
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [58] #08 [a800]
Capabilities: [80] #10 [0141]
0000:00:0c.0 0604: 10de:005d (rev a3)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 0x08 (32 bytes)
Bus: primary=00, secondary=03, subordinate=03, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000f000-00000fff
Memory behind bridge: fff00000-000fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fff00000-0000000000000000
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [48] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/1 Enable-
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [58] #08 [a800]
Capabilities: [80] #10 [0141]
0000:00:0d.0 0604: 10de:005d (rev a3)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 0x08 (32 bytes)
Bus: primary=00, secondary=02, subordinate=02, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000f000-00000fff
Memory behind bridge: fff00000-000fffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000fff00000-0000000000000000
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA- MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [48] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/1 Enable-
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [58] #08 [a800]
Capabilities: [80] #10 [0141]
0000:00:0e.0 0604: 10de:005d (rev a3)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR+ FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 0x08 (32 bytes)
Bus: primary=00, secondary=01, subordinate=01, sec-latency=0
I/O behind bridge: 0000f000-00000fff
Memory behind bridge: d0000000-d2ffffff
Prefetchable memory behind bridge: 00000000c0000000-00000000cff00000
BridgeCtl: Parity- SERR+ NoISA- VGA+ MAbort- >Reset- FastB2B-
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1+,D2+,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [48] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/1 Enable-
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [58] #08 [a800]
Capabilities: [80] #10 [0141]
0000:00:18.0 0600: 1022:1100
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Capabilities: [80] #08 [2101]
0000:00:18.1 0600: 1022:1101
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
0000:00:18.2 0600: 1022:1102
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
0000:00:18.3 0600: 1022:1103
Control: I/O- Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
0000:01:00.0 0300: 10de:0161 (rev a1)
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 0
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
Region 0: Memory at d0000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Region 1: Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=256M]
Region 3: Memory at d1000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Expansion ROM at d2000000 [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: [60] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
Capabilities: [68] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable-
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
Capabilities: [78] #10 [0001]
0000:05:06.0 0200: 8086:1076
Subsystem: 8086:1113
Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz+ UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 32 (63750ns min), Cache Line Size: 0x08 (32 bytes)
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 21
Region 0: Memory at d4020000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
Region 1: Memory at d4000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=128K]
Region 2: I/O ports at a000 [size=64]
Expansion ROM at d5100000 [disabled] [size=128K]
Capabilities: [dc] Power Management version 2
Flags: PMEClk- DSI+ D1- D2- AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0+,D1-,D2-,D3hot+,D3cold+)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=1 PME-
Capabilities: [e4] PCI-X non-bridge device.
Command: DPERE- ERO+ RBC=0 OST=0
Status: Bus=0 Dev=0 Func=0 64bit- 133MHz- SCD- USC-, DC=simple, DMMRBC=2, DMOST=0, DMCRS=0, RSCEM-
Capabilities: [f0] Message Signalled Interrupts: 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable-
Address: 0000000000000000 Data: 0000
0000:05:07.0 0401: 1412:1724 (rev 01)
Subsystem: 1412:1724
Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Latency: 32
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 22
Region 0: I/O ports at a400 [size=32]
Region 1: I/O ports at a800 [size=128]
Capabilities: [80] Power Management version 1
Flags: PMEClk- DSI- D1- D2+ AuxCurrent=0mA PME(D0-,D1-,D2-,D3hot-,D3cold-)
Status: D0 PME-Enable- DSel=0 DScale=0 PME-
0000:05:08.0 0700: 1409:7168 (rev 01) (prog-if 02)
Subsystem: 1409:0002
Control: I/O+ Mem- BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping+ SERR- FastB2B-
Status: Cap- 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B+ ParErr- DEVSEL=medium >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR-
Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 16
Region 0: I/O ports at ac00 [size=32]
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