Adds a set of primitives to do reference counting for objects
that are looked up without locks using RCU.
Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dipankar Sarma <[email protected]>
Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt | 74 ++++++++++++++
include/linux/rcuref.h | 220 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
kernel/rcupdate.c | 14 ++
3 files changed, 308 insertions(+)
diff -puN /dev/null Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt
--- /dev/null 2003-01-30 15:54:37.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.12-rc6-fd-dipankar/Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt 2005-06-14 14:05:03.000000000 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+Refcounter framework for elements of lists/arrays protected by
+RCU.
+
+Refcounting on elements of lists which are protected by traditional
+reader/writer spinlocks or semaphores are straight forward as in:
+
+1. 2.
+add() search_and_reference()
+{ {
+ alloc_object read_lock(&list_lock);
+ ... search_for_element
+ atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); atomic_inc(&el->rc);
+ write_lock(&list_lock); ...
+ add_element read_unlock(&list_lock);
+ ... ...
+ write_unlock(&list_lock); }
+}
+
+3. 4.
+release_referenced() delete()
+{ {
+ ... write_lock(&list_lock);
+ atomic_dec(&el->rc, relfunc) ...
+ ... delete_element
+} write_unlock(&list_lock);
+ ...
+ if (atomic_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
+ kfree(el);
+ ...
+ }
+
+If this list/array is made lock free using rcu as in changing the
+write_lock in add() and delete() to spin_lock and changing read_lock
+in search_and_reference to rcu_read_lock(), the rcuref_get in
+search_and_reference could potentially hold reference to an element which
+has already been deleted from the list/array. rcuref_lf_get_rcu takes
+care of this scenario. search_and_reference should look as;
+
+1. 2.
+add() search_and_reference()
+{ {
+ alloc_object rcu_read_lock();
+ ... search_for_element
+ atomic_set(&el->rc, 1); if (rcuref_inc_lf(&el->rc)) {
+ write_lock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
+ return FAIL;
+ add_element }
+ ... ...
+ write_unlock(&list_lock); rcu_read_unlock();
+} }
+3. 4.
+release_referenced() delete()
+{ {
+ ... write_lock(&list_lock);
+ rcuref_dec(&el->rc, relfunc) ...
+ ... delete_element
+} write_unlock(&list_lock);
+ ...
+ if (rcuref_dec_and_test(&el->rc))
+ call_rcu(&el->head, el_free);
+ ...
+ }
+
+Sometimes, reference to the element need to be obtained in the
+update (write) stream. In such cases, rcuref_inc_lf might be an overkill
+since the spinlock serialising list updates are held. rcuref_inc
+is to be used in such cases.
+For arches which do not have cmpxchg rcuref_inc_lf
+api uses a hashed spinlock implementation and the same hashed spinlock
+is acquired in all rcuref_xxx primitives to preserve atomicity.
+Note: Use rcuref_inc api only if you need to use rcuref_inc_lf on the
+refcounter atleast at one place. Mixing rcuref_inc and atomic_xxx api
+might lead to races. rcuref_inc_lf() must be used in lockfree
+RCU critical sections only.
diff -puN /dev/null include/linux/rcuref.h
--- /dev/null 2003-01-30 15:54:37.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.12-rc6-fd-dipankar/include/linux/rcuref.h 2005-06-14 14:05:03.000000000 +0530
@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+/*
+ * rcuref.h
+ *
+ * Reference counting for elements of lists/arrays protected by
+ * RCU.
+ *
+ * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+ * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
+ * (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ * GNU General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+ * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+ * Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) IBM Corporation, 2005
+ *
+ * Author: Dipankar Sarma <[email protected]>
+ * Ravikiran Thirumalai <[email protected]>
+ *
+ * See Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt for detailed user guide.
+ *
+ */
+
+#ifndef _RCUREF_H_
+#define _RCUREF_H_
+
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/interrupt.h>
+#include <linux/spinlock.h>
+#include <asm/atomic.h>
+
+/*
+ * These APIs work on traditional atomic_t counters used in the
+ * kernel for reference counting. Under special circumstances
+ * where a lock-free get() operation races with a put() operation
+ * these APIs can be used. See Documentation/RCU/rcuref.txt.
+ */
+
+#ifdef __HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_inc - increment refcount for object.
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object in question.
+ *
+ * This should be used only for objects where we use RCU and
+ * use the rcuref_inc_lf() api to acquire a reference
+ * in a lock-free reader-side critical section.
+ */
+static inline void rcuref_inc(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ atomic_inc(rcuref);
+}
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_dec - decrement refcount for object.
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object in question.
+ *
+ * This should be used only for objects where we use RCU and
+ * use the rcuref_inc_lf() api to acquire a reference
+ * in a lock-free reader-side critical section.
+ */
+static inline void rcuref_dec(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ atomic_dec(rcuref);
+}
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_dec_and_test - decrement refcount for object and test
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object.
+ * @release: pointer to the function that will clean up the object
+ * when the last reference to the object is released.
+ * This pointer is required.
+ *
+ * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, return 1. Else return 0.
+ *
+ * This should be used only for objects where we use RCU and
+ * use the rcuref_inc_lf() api to acquire a reference
+ * in a lock-free reader-side critical section.
+ */
+static inline int rcuref_dec_and_test(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ return atomic_dec_and_test(rcuref);
+}
+
+/*
+ * cmpxchg is needed on UP too, if deletions to the list/array can happen
+ * in interrupt context.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_inc_lf - Take reference to an object in a read-side
+ * critical section protected by RCU.
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object in question.
+ *
+ * Try and increment the refcount by 1. The increment might fail if
+ * the reference counter has been through a 1 to 0 transition and
+ * is no longer part of the lock-free list.
+ * Returns non-zero on successful increment and zero otherwise.
+ */
+static inline int rcuref_inc_lf(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ int c, old;
+ c = atomic_read(rcuref);
+ while (c && (old = cmpxchg(&rcuref->counter, c, c + 1)) != c)
+ c = old;
+ return c;
+}
+
+#else /* !__HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG */
+
+extern spinlock_t __rcuref_hash[];
+
+/*
+ * Use a hash table of locks to protect the reference count
+ * since cmpxchg is not available in this arch.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
+#define RCUREF_HASH_SIZE 4
+#define RCUREF_HASH(k) \
+ (&__rcuref_hash[(((unsigned long)k)>>8) & (RCUREF_HASH_SIZE-1)])
+#else
+#define RCUREF_HASH_SIZE 1
+#define RCUREF_HASH(k) &__rcuref_hash[0]
+#endif /* CONFIG_SMP */
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_inc - increment refcount for object.
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object in question.
+ *
+ * This should be used only for objects where we use RCU and
+ * use the rcuref_inc_lf() api to acquire a reference in a lock-free
+ * reader-side critical section.
+ */
+static inline void rcuref_inc(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ spin_lock_irqsave(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ rcuref->counter += 1;
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_dec - decrement refcount for object.
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object in question.
+ *
+ * This should be used only for objects where we use RCU and
+ * use the rcuref_inc_lf() api to acquire a reference in a lock-free
+ * reader-side critical section.
+ */
+static inline void rcuref_dec(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ spin_lock_irqsave(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ rcuref->counter -= 1;
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+}
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_dec_and_test - decrement refcount for object and test
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object.
+ * @release: pointer to the function that will clean up the object
+ * when the last reference to the object is released.
+ * This pointer is required.
+ *
+ * Decrement the refcount, and if 0, return 1. Else return 0.
+ *
+ * This should be used only for objects where we use RCU and
+ * use the rcuref_inc_lf() api to acquire a reference in a lock-free
+ * reader-side critical section.
+ */
+static inline int rcuref_dec_and_test(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ spin_lock_irqsave(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ rcuref->counter--;
+ if (!rcuref->counter) {
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ return 1;
+ } else {
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ return 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ * rcuref_inc_lf - Take reference to an object of a lock-free collection
+ * by traversing a lock-free list/array.
+ * @rcuref: reference counter in the object in question.
+ *
+ * Try and increment the refcount by 1. The increment might fail if
+ * the reference counter has been through a 1 to 0 transition and
+ * object is no longer part of the lock-free list.
+ * Returns non-zero on successful increment and zero otherwise.
+ */
+static inline int rcuref_inc_lf(atomic_t *rcuref)
+{
+ int ret;
+ unsigned long flags;
+ spin_lock_irqsave(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ if (rcuref->counter)
+ ret = rcuref->counter++;
+ else
+ ret = 0;
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(RCUREF_HASH(rcuref), flags);
+ return ret;
+}
+
+
+#endif /* !__HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG */
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* _RCUREF_H_ */
diff -puN kernel/rcupdate.c~rcuref-apis kernel/rcupdate.c
--- linux-2.6.12-rc6-fd/kernel/rcupdate.c~rcuref-apis 2005-06-14 14:05:03.000000000 +0530
+++ linux-2.6.12-rc6-fd-dipankar/kernel/rcupdate.c 2005-06-14 14:05:03.000000000 +0530
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/rcuref.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>
/* Definition for rcupdate control block. */
@@ -72,6 +73,19 @@ DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct rcu_data, rcu_bh_d
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct tasklet_struct, rcu_tasklet) = {NULL};
static int maxbatch = 10;
+#ifndef __HAVE_ARCH_CMPXCHG
+/*
+ * We use an array of spinlocks for the rcurefs -- similar to ones in sparc
+ * 32 bit atomic_t implementations, and a hash function similar to that
+ * for our refcounting needs.
+ * Can't help multiprocessors which donot have cmpxchg :(
+ */
+
+spinlock_t __rcuref_hash[RCUREF_HASH_SIZE] = {
+ [0 ... (RCUREF_HASH_SIZE-1)] = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED
+};
+#endif
+
/**
* call_rcu - Queue an RCU callback for invocation after a grace period.
* @head: structure to be used for queueing the RCU updates.
_
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